Platos Analogy of the Cave Essay Example for Free

Platos Analogy of the Cave Essay Plato was a Greek Philosopher, who was a student of Socrates. The Analogy of the Cave in Plato’s Republic was written as a dialogue between Socrates and Plato’s brother Glaucon. In the Analogy of the Cave, Plato describes the prisoners who lived an isolated life in the confined space of a cave. Plato’s Analogy explains a philosopher’s journey to knowledge and the difficulty that he faces along the way and the prisoners in the cave who have not embarked on the journey to true knowledge and are living their lives, only seeing what is on the surface, and what they want to see. The Analogy relates to Plato’s Theory of Forms, which explains how the forms possess the ultimate reality. The World of Forms is the unseen world in which everything is constantly evolving and changing. The Analogy however, is the attempt to enlighten the prisoners and explain the philosophers place in society. He uses the story to explain the need to question everything like a philosopher does in order to distinguish between the unreal, physical world and the real spiritual world lit by the sun. The sun is the ultimate good and Plato gives the name of good the demiurge. The cave is a symbol of the world; it represents the World of Appearances based on what people see by their senses. It is an illusionary physical world in which people are trapped by ignorance and false truths. It is a world where people ignore the truth and are unenlightened. The prisoners are in this illusionary world where they think that what they are seeing is reality however it is not reality at all. In the cave there are shadows of truth and echoes of reality. It is filled with illusions. It is a world of senses where the prisoners have gained empirical knowledge which is flawed. Plato thinks that the prisoners’ situations are no different from ours, as we do not see the forms clearly, only the physical world. Plato believed that everything exists in its true, perfect form outside of the cave in the world of the forms. The Cave; the physical world imprisons a person by stopping them seeing the forms. The cave represents a world where everything comes to an end and will eventually die, however in the world of forms nothing will die or end. Everything is transcendent and evolving. People who leave the cave gain true vision and see reality. The cave can also represent  the body in which our souls (the prisoners) are trapped. Our souls constantly yearn for the World of Forms in which nothing ever decays. The cave may also represent society and the prisoners cannot see the world for what it really is as they are trapped in the claws of society. The prisoners are humans who have a lack of knowledge and are oblivious to the truth and reality. They are in an illusionary world. The prisoners are mankind or at least human thought and existence. They are chained mentally by culture; trapped in society and physically around their necks and feet, which means they are not able to move around. This means that their minds cannot wander elsewhere and they remain fixed on the shadows/their reality. The chains also represent humanities inability to become enlightened and our consciousness. Their reality is the shadows of truth and the echoes of reality. They have never seen true good, true reality; the sun. They represent human beings like us as they are ignorant and oblivious to the truth and the world of forms. Their minds are full of ignorance and false impressions. They have beards which show that they have been there since childhood, and that the darkness is all they know. The prisoners sit facing the wall and have spent their lives watching the shadow play. For them the appearance seems real, as they have never seen anything else. We have sympathy for the prisoners as they have been misguided and are oblivious to the ultimate good; the demiurge. They are people who accept everything at face value and never question or try to understand. Their lives are empty and meaningless. The people who carried the statues helped to shape the prisoners’ views however they also were thought to share the same views as the prisoners. In the ‘Republic’, Plato criticized philosophers and politicians who lead the people but do not actually know the truth. The people carrying the statues are like the philosophers and politicians; oblivious to the World of Forms. The prisoners also represent our souls, which are yearning to get to a higher place. They are trapped inside the body, which is a physical form. The shadows are made from ‘all sorts of vessels and statues and figures of animals’, a mere shadow show orchestrated by the unseen men. They are the shadows which create the false images of distorted truth. They are the limits of reality. The prisoner’s senses are misguided by the shadows. The shadows are deceitful; they are the false way people see things. The shadows that the prisoners look upon represent the perceived truth; the prisoners did not have the knowledge to look beyond the superficial, and only had the capacity to believe in shadows. We are also told about the fire. It burnt behind and above the prisoners. In front of the fire there was a puppet stage for the men to carry the object behind, this would cast the shadows. The only noises the prisoners would hear were the echoes of reality, and the only things the prisoners would see were the shadows of truth. The puppeteers are ignorant for carrying on teaching the prisoners false knowledge. The fire in the cave represents the power of the sun. The fire has the ability to illuminate the false truths inside the cave; it magnifies what the prisoners can see, which shows them what to believe in. The fire represents false and incomplete knowledge and is also deceitful. It represents the illusions that keep us in the dark from truth. The journey out of the cave is the journey to truth and reality; it demands that you must challenge your pre-conceived ideas. The prisoner’s journey out of the cave, his ascent is faced with hardships and struggles; escaping the chains, past the fire and up the steps. The reason the prisoner is described as being ‘dragged out the cave’ is because the journey is distressing and he is being forced out. Plato said ‘The object of knowledge is what exists and its function to know about reality’. It explains how reality is the world of forms and the job of the philosopher is to get knowledge, this is what the prisoner does when he goes out of the cave. He is the one who breaks away and makes the journey out; he is the philosopher who wants to know what is really going on. He wants to see past the distorted truths. ‘And those who strive for reality and knowledge are philosophers’. The escaped prisoner could represent Socrates (Plato’s tutor). The journey out of the cave symbolizes the journey of an average person into the world of knowledge and wisdom through philosophy. This is achieved by looking into the depths of meaning and searching for answers. The journey is uncomfortable as it requires the prisoner to challenge his beliefs. When the prisoner first breaks free he is in tremendous amounts of pain as his muscles have been unused for so long, and he is able to look directly at the fire rather than  just at the shadows. The path outside the cave is rocky, steep and unstable as the things that the prisoners once knew as reality are all becoming unclear. Once the prisoner is out of the cave, he is faced with the sun. The sun represents complete knowledge, wisdom and enlightenment. It represents the World of Forms, which the soul yearns to reach. It represents the ultimate good, the ideas/forms; the demiurge. It reveals the world to the prisoner, and how things can be if you come out of the shadows. It represents truth, beauty and justice. When the prisoner see’s the sun, he becomes temporarily blind; this represents the enlightenment because he has discovered a world past the shadows. A world which is real. The sun lets him see the true beauty of things, not the shadows that he saw before. Plato suggests that in this world, the sun gives both life to being as without light, we and the plants and animals would not grow and flourish, and provides light by which these things can be seen. The sun is the source of truth and reason; it represents the perfection of realities. Through the sun we will see the truth, real beauty and real justice. He comes to see a deeper reality, a reality marked by reason. Once the prisoner has embraced his new found knowledge, he wants to maintain it and no longer live a life of confinement trapped inside a cave. Once he sees reality, he makes a painful readjustment back into the darkness of the cave. This journey back is also painful as once he has seen reality, he does not wish to reminisce in the deceit of the past. However he is a good man, who gains true knowledge and wishes to enlighten the others. He could represent Socrates going to enlighten Athenian Society. When he gets to the prisoners, he seems mad, as he describes a new strange reality. They laugh at him and mock him, and reject him to the point of threatening to kill him. Their disagree shows how previous philosophers such as Socrates were penalized and laughed at for their beliefs and ultimately killed. Plato’s Analogy of the Cave is a representation of the human condition, under the circumstances of our basic beliefs and behaviors in society. It represents the lack of human knowledge, and the difference between the two  worlds. It shows that in the World of Appearances, everything we see or experience are shadows of The World of Forms, they are impure. They show that we live in a world full of flux and decay and we are just matter. The World of Appearances is a Visible World and a Finite World whereas The World of Forms is an Unseen World, full of phenomenons, forms and ideals. The World of Forms is constantly evolving and changing; ‘You cannot step into the same river twice’. The World of Forms is outside the cave, and it is where everyone aims to go. The soul yearns for a higher place.

The Medias Role in the Escalation of Palmer Raids and the Red Scare in

Newspapers are supposed to give us an unbiased factual report of important events, but that isn’t always the case.   Newspapers can make certain events seem more important and more consequential than other events.   This happened during the Palmer Raids of the early 1920’s.   Newspapers made the Palmer Raids more prevalent and Anti-Communist feelings stronger among the American public during the 1920’s. To understand how the media escalated the Red Scare and Palmer Raids it helps to have a brief history of them.   After World War I there was a Red Scare among many Americans.   There are many explanations for this: rampant inflation, a tough job market, strikes, race riots, and the public’s need for a scapegoat (Duminel 218).   When Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer’s home was bombed he immediately believed it was the Communists and went after all of them.   In November of 1919, and December of 1920 the U.S. Department of Justice under Palmer’s direction conducted raids in a number of prominent cities (Remelgas 3).   Many persons were arrested without warrants, and without being given proper rights.   Over five thousand people were arrested, and a total of two hundred and forty nine people were deported (Remelgas 4).   After these raids and unlawful arrests, Palmer was called before the House Rules Committee and Senate Judiciary Committee and conv icted of using Government funds in an improper way causing the end of the first Red Scare. In journalism there are certain standards used to draw attention to certain articles.   Alexandra Remelgas states: The standards of responsible journalism are useful in examining the press coverage of the Palmer Raids.   Standards of responsible journalism are limited by the selection of and emphas... ..., Edward A.   â€Å"Heaven On Earth.†Ã‚   Detroit Free Press Magazine 11 Jan. 1920: 2 Hoyt, Edwin.   The Palmer Raids, 1919-1920 An Attempt to Suppress Dissent. New York:   The Seabury Press. Murray, Robert. Red Scare: A Study In National Hysteria, 1919-1920. Minnesota: North   Central Publishing, 1955. â€Å"Reds Plotted Country Wide Strike Arrests Exceeded 5,000, 2,635 Held; 3 Transports Ready For Them† New York Times 4 Jan 1920: 1 Remelgas, Alexandra. â€Å"News Reporting And Editorial Interpretation Of The Palmer Raids 1919-1920 By Three Detroit Newspapers: A Study† Thesis For Degree Of M.A. MSU, 1970,       Shulam, Alix.   To the Barricades: The anarchist Life Of Emma Goldman. New York.  Ã‚   Thomas and Crowell Company, 1971. Who Built America, v. II. â€Å"Between to Wars – The Palmer Raids.† CD Rom. 25 January  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2000.   http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/hist409/red.html   

Mobilization of Deposits

Topic: â€Å"Mobilization of deposits in banking system of Pakistan† Submitted to: Ma’am Bushra Submitted by: Muhammad Mumtaz (09-arid-929) Tayyab Sultan (08-arid-387) Muhammad Sohail Zafar (09-arid-934) Farhan Ahmed (08-arid-402) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thanks to Almighty ALLAH who had made us able to complete this project with the true knowledge. Special thanks are due to our respected teacher Ma’am Bushra Zulfiqar who have shown us the right way to go for our project to success and enlightened our mind with the tips and guidance to think creatively.We are thankful to our friends, who help us a lot during this course of project. Table of content: 1) Deposit——————————————————————————-4 2) Current Accounts——————————— ———————————-4 3) HBL Freedom Account————————————————————4 4) HBL Business ValueAccount—————————————————-4 5) Term Accounts———————————————————————-5 6) HBL Advantage Account———————————————————-5 7) Investment Plus Deposit————————— —————————â €”–5 8) Savings Accounts————————————————– —————–5 9) PLS – Savings Account————————————————————-6 10) Remittance Munafa Plus Savings Account—————————————6 11) Foreign Currency Accounts———————————————————7 12) Mobilization of deposits————————————————————-8 13) HBL Car Loan—————â⠂¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ ——————8 14) HBL Car To Car———————————————————————–9 15) HBL Credit Card———————————————————————10 16) HBL Home Loan———————————————————————11 17) HBL INVESTMENT BANKING———————————– ————–13 18) HBL Zarai Banking————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€14 19) MCB Islamic banking——————————————————- ——–17 20) Al-Makhraj Saving Account————————————————— —–17 21) IANAT Account———————————————————————–18 22) Al Makhraj Term Deposit————————————————————20 23) Ijarah———————†”————————————————————20 24) Murabahah——————————————————————– ———-21 25) Diminishing Musharika Equipment————————————————-21 Abstract: Banks generally adopt following strategies to mobilize their Deposits in two categories 1-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Demand Deposits which are payable to the owner on demand i. e Savings Accounts Current Account etc. 2-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time Deposits.These are Fixed Deposit for various tenors ranging from month to 10 years and are payable at maturity. * Banks accept Deposits from institutions like Government institution s, public ltd and Private limited companies and Trusts etc. * Banks accept Deposits from general public by launching various Deposit schemes catering the needs of every segment of society and offer attractive Profit rates on these schemes. * For example HBL offers HBL Money club Account to kids up to the age of 18 and offer ATM Card (with restricted Limit) and attractive Profit Rates up to 7. 55% to attract the youngsters who will subsequently prefer to maintain their Account with HBL till life time. For Businessmen who frequently transfer money to and from their Accounts to make their business payments HBL offers Freedom Account in which they can make Drafts of unlimited Number and amount and free online funds transfer by maintaining minimum daily balance of Rs. 25,000. 00/- only. This strategy attracts huge numbers of businessmen to HBL which has competitive advantage of largest Network of branches in every city of Pakistan with online facility. * For customers mostly businessmen who want profit on daily basis HBL Offers HBL Daily Progressive Account on which profit is calculated on daily basis and credited into customers Accounts at month end. * Similarly to encourage the remittances by expatriates through banking channels HBL offers RMPA Remittance Plus Munafa Accounts. * HBL mobilizes its deposits in the form of investments in projects and give loan to corporations as well as to the consumer.HABIB BANK LIMITED: DEPOSITS: There are different types of deposits account. Current Accounts: Make unlimited transactions while maintaining a low minimum balance every month. Current Account of HBL: * Minimum balance of Rs. 5,000 * Unlimited transactions * Non-profit bearing * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking Basic Banking Account (BBA): * Can be opened with only Rs. 1,000 * No minimum balance requirement * Up to 2 withdrawal and 2 deposit transactions free every month * Unlimi ted withdrawals through HBL Debit Card * Non-profit bearing HBL Freedom Account:Use your money as you please with HBL Freedom Account. Rest free from worries and expand your business with unmatched accessibility. HBL Business Value Account: * No minimum balance requirement * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities * Unique transactional account for Businessmen * Up to 10 Bankers Cheques free (at minimum balance of Rs. 500,000) * Profit calculated daily, paid every quarter * Up to 5. 35% profit per annum * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking. * Nominal monthly maintenance charge of Rs. 50 Term Accounts: Invest your savings in our term deposits for a fixed duration and earn profit while keeping your savings secure.HBL Advantage Account: | | |   | | | | | | | | | Term| Profit per annum| 1 Year | | 12. 00%| | 3 Year | | 14. 00%| | 5 Year | | 15. 00%| | 10 Year | | 18. 00%| | | | |   | †¢ | Multiple options for tenure and profit payo ut. | †¢| Loan facility up to 90% of investment. | †¢| Minimum investment of Rs. 25,000. | †¢| Withdrawal at end of fixed term. | Investment Plus Deposit: * Profit paid at maturity * Minimum investment of Rs. 20 million| * Multiple options for tenure and profit payout| * Withdrawal at end of fixed term * Account for Institutions| Savings Accounts: Avail the flexibility of making transactions while earning profit on daily/monthly basis.HBL Value Account: * 7. 19% profit per annum| * Profit calculated monthly, paid every quarter| * Deposit ranges from Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 1,000,000| * Two withdrawals free every month| PLS – Savings Account: * 5. 06% profit per annum| * Profit paid bi-annually| * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities| * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| * Unlimited transactions| Remittance Munafa plus Savings Account: * Special account for receiving foreign remittance s| * 5. 12% profit per annum| * Profit paid every month| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| Daily Munafa Account: Profit calculated daily, paid every month| * Up to 8. 84% profit per annum| * HBL Debit Card and Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facilities| * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| Daily Progressive Account: * Unique transactional account for Institutions| * Profit calculated daily, paid every month| * Up to 11. 57% profit per annum| * Inter Branch Transaction System (IBTS) facility| * Funds transfer to any bank through HBL Phone Banking| * Minimum balance of Rs. 20,000| Foreign Currency Accounts: HBL offers Foreign Currency Accounts in multiple currencies as savings and term accounts. FC-SB: Savings Account offered in 3 currencies, USD (US dollar), EUR (Euros) and GBP (UK pound)| * Tiered product, with rates depending on choice of currency| * To earn profit, minimum balance should be 1000 USD, EUR or GBP| * Interest is payable on a quarterly basis| HYFFD (High Yield Foreign Currency Fixed Deposit): * Available in 1 month, 2 month, 3 month, 6 month and 12 Month in USD, EUR | * Tiered product, with rates depending on choice of currency and term| * Profit paid on maturity only. | Mobilization of deposits: HBL CAR LOAN: HBL CarLoan helps you get your preferred car through a simple and hassle-free process, backed by superior service and support. Now you can drive a car you always wanted. Features: * Choice of used, new local/imported and reconditioned imported car. * Repayment options ranging upto 7 years. | * Up to 85% of financing for the car of your choice. | * Insurance at all times for complete peace of mind and security. | * Round the clock support available through HBL Phone Banking you can place your requests and queries, track the status of your repayment/loan account and avail other value-added services through HBL Phone Banking. | Eligibility criteria: | Salaried Individuals | Self-Employ ed Business persons/ Professionals | Citizenship| Pakistani| Pakistani| Age| 22-60 years | 22-65 years | Minimum monthly income| Rs. 20,000 | Rs. 25,000 | Documentation: Salaried Individuals | †¢ | Copy of CNIC | | 2 recent passport size photographs| †¢| Latest original salary slip and personal bank statement for last 3 months| | Self-Employed Business persons/Professionals| †¢ | Copy of CNIC | †¢| 2 recent passport size photographs| †¢| Bank statement for last 6 months and bank letter confirming details of account| †¢| Proof of business| | HBL Car To Car:| HBL Car To Car is a revolutionary car financing offer. It makes the car of your choice affordable and practical with a buy back guarantee. HBL CarToCar offers matchless features and unique options at the end of the lease. Now you can drive a new car at the end of every two years. Features: Affordability:With HBL Car To Car, you only have to pay the difference between the car price and the pre-agreed residual value to the bank. As a result, the monthly installment may even be 40% to 50% less than that of conventional financing Upgrade of lifestyle: HBL gives you the guarantee that if you wish to return the car to us at the end of the lease term, you will not have to pay off the car’s residual value. Instead, we will directly settle this outstanding liability for you under the buy back guarantee. Hence, you can upgrade to a new car as frequently as two years* without any complication and hassle. Pay only for what you use:When you lease a car under HBL Car To Car, you only pay for that part of the car’s value that you use during the lease term.The car’s residual value* (forecasted for the end of the specific lease term) is agreed with you at the start of the lease term. This amount is deducted from the car price thus lowering the finance amount. This finance amount is based only on a part of the car’s value and not the full value of the car. Therefore, HBL CarToCar offers very low installments as compared to any conventional financing. |   | .| Flexibility| | HBL Car To Car offers you several choices at the end of the lease term:| * Upgrade – Simply return the car to HBL and drive a new one home | | * Walk away – Return the car to HBL and end the lease| | * Buy – Keep the same car.Just make a one-time settlement of the car’s residual value to HBL or pay the same in easy installments over a specified extended period of time| | * Sell – Enjoy the gain from selling off the car at a higher price in the market than what you ay HBL as the residual value| Eligibility criteria: | Salaried Individuals | Self-Employed Business persons/ Professionals | Citizenship| Pakistani| Pakistani| Age| 22-60 years | 22-65 years | Minimum monthly income| Rs. 20,000 | Rs. 25,000 | Documentation: Self-Employed Business persons/Professionals †¢ | Copy of CNIC | †¢| 2 recent passport size photographs| †¢| Bank statement for last 6 months and bank letter confirming details of account| †¢| Proof of business| Salaried Individuals | †¢ | Copy of CNIC | †¢| 2 recent passport size photographs| | Latest original salary slip and personal bank statement for last 3 months| | | | HBL Credit Card:| Welcome to a world of convenience and flexibility. Accepted at over 29 million merchants worldwide, HBL Credit Card makes shopping fun and paying simple. So make the most of your shopping experience. Gold Card|   | Green Card| Rupees| Minimum gross salary requirements| Rupees| 50,000| | Salaried individuals| 15,000| | 180,000| | Self-employed business persons/professionals| 25,000| | | Rupees| Credit limit range| Rupees| 150,000| | Minimum| 20,000| | 500,000| | Maximum| | | | HBL Home Loan:| HBL Home Loan offers financing options to purchase a new house or renovate an existing house.Outright purchase: The outright purchase loan option provides financing for buying a new house. Home im provement: Home-improvement loan option provides financing for renovating your house. Outright Purchase| Descriptors| Home Improvement/ Renovation | 3 years to 20 years| Loan tenure| 3 years to 20 years| Rs. 300,000 – Rs. 15,000,000| | Loan amount| Rs. 300,000 – Rs. 5,000,000| | 85%| | Maximum financing amount (as % of appraised value of the property)| 70%| | 5 years| Property lease (years remaining at the time of loan maturity) | 5 years| Borne by the Bank| | Property insurance| Borne by the Bank| | Primary applicant and co-borrower| | Life insurance through HBL by the insurance company on HBL panel)| Primary applicant and co-borrower| | Eligibility criteria: | Salaried Individuals| Self-Employed Business Persons/ Professionals| Nationality | Pakistani (resident) | Pakistani (resident) | Age criteria of the main applicant and co-borrower whose income is being clubbed (spouse only)| | Permanent employees Minimum age at the time of loan application should be 21 years. M aximum age at the time of loan maturity should be 60 years. Contractual employees Minimum age at the time of loan application should be 21 years. Maximum age at the time of loan maturity should be 55 years | Minimum age at the time of loan application should be 21 years.Maximum age at the time of loan maturity should be 65 years. | | Length of Employment| | Permanent employees Minimum 1 year experience; 6 months experience with confirmed employment status in the current job. Contractual employees Minimum 2 years work experience. Third party contractual not eligible. | Minimum 2 years experience in personal business| | | Documentation:| Salaried Individuals| | * CNIC copy * 2 passport size photographs * Letter from employer * 2 latest salary slips or salary certificate * Bank statement for last 6 months and bank letter confirming details of account * Copies of property documents| | Self-Employed Business Persons/ Professionals| CNIC copy * 2 passport size photographs * Proprietorship : Bank Certificate / Latest Tax Assessment Order * Latest one year bank statement * Partnership Deed * Registered Form C * Memorandum, Article of association and registered Form 29 A (applies to company directors) * Copies of property documentsSchedule of bank charges: Application processing charges (including 16% FED)| Rs. 7,000/- (non-refundable)| Early settlement charges | 4. 7% of outstanding principal | Partial payment charges | 4. 7% of adjusted principal | Late payment charges | Rs. 700 (for each late payment) | Property evaluation fee | Actual cost plus 16% FED to be recovered | Legal fee | Actual cost plus 16% FED to be recovered | | HBL INVESTMENT BANKING: HBL offers full-service Investment Banking capabilities to its clientele. This year alone, HBL has closed over thirty transactions with a cumulative worth of over USD 2 billion. This is a testament to the out-of-box thinking and the innovative products we bring to our customers.The Investment Banking Group functions in t hree specialist business areas: Project Finance, Debt Capital Markets & Syndications and Equity Capital Markets & Advisory. Project finance: The bulk of HBL’s project finance practice revolves around the power sector. Prior to the power policy of 2002, HBL actively pioneered Project Finance in Pakistan through the funding of a gas-fired co-generation plant (94 Megawatts of power and desalination of 3 million gallons per day). Subsequent to the 2002 power policy, HBL continues to play a fervent role in the sector and is the only Investment Bank that was Lead Advisor to all IPP transactions that achieved financial close.In the fertilizer sector, HBL financed the largest local currency financing in Pakistan, worth PKR 23 billion, as well as a green field venture in the telecom sector worth PKR 12 billion. Debt Capital Markets & Syndications: Depending on the requirements of its customers, HBL offers a variety of products, including syndications, securitizations, privately placed and listed TFCs, term finance facilities, commercial papers, etc. HBL played the lead role in a number of significant debt transactions, including PKR 15. 14 billion TFC issue (the largest privately placed issue in Pakistan), the first bond offering for any microfinance institution in all of Asia, credit enhancement for a rapidly growing company in the consumer durables sector and numerous tier-2 capital transactions for commercial banks. Equity & Advisory:HBL offers a breadth of equity and advisory products including innovative capital raising techniques, restructurings, public and private equity placements and mergers & acquisitions. The HBL team played a pivotal role across several sectors, including energy, agriculture, consumer products, fertilizers, etc. , for raising various forms of equity and quasi-equity. Recently, HBL structured a convertible debt note with a built-in Put feature for a US-based provider of agriculture technology and dairy solutions – a first of it s kind transaction in Pakistan. HBL also provides valuation for a company in the food and beverages sector. HBL ZaraiBanking:HBL ZaraiBanking facilities are spread across the country and provide financing through more than 800 of our branches. HBL’s presence in all agriculture belts of the country ensures easy access to farmers in rural areas. HBL ZaraiBanking provides loans to small-scale land owning farmers as well as large institutionalized and alliance based finance, enhancing agricultural harvest and, in turn, economic output of the country. Products: HBL ZaraiBanking enables farmers to invest in premier quality seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, agricultural implements and non-farm setups through its various product programs. Crop Inputs: Crop specific finance for purchase of Agri inputs such as seed, fertilizer, pesticide and other related inputs. Farm Implements:Finance available for purchase of farm implements & machinery like combined harvester, sprayers, ploughs, tube wells and other crop-related tools/implements. Tractors/Agricultural Vehicles: Finance available to individual farmers, self-employed tractor operators, providing the option to select vehicles from a range of different manufacturers. Livestock: Finance available for feed, medicines, raw material, raising charges and other related activities. Poultry: Finance available for all poultry related activities including poultry farm construction/equipment, hatchery plant & machinery, poultry feed, poultry medicines, composite feed production, poultry processing and other related activities. Fish Farming: Finance available for inland fish farms as well as deep-sea fishing.This includes procurement of boat, fish locating equipment, nets & ropes, ice maker, fish farm water solution, hatchery construction/equipment, purchase of medicines / feed and other related activities. Group Lending: Joint finance facility for a group of farmers with small land holdings for working capital requirement. MC B Islamic banking Islamic Banking Division was formed with effect from 1st January 2003, which in a short span of time, has developed sufficient expertise, necessary infrastructure, information technology, and manpower to run Islamic Banking Operations and offer Islamic Banking Products. Mission statement: To play a dynamic role in promotion of Islamic Banking and win customers trust by providing sharia compliant financial services. Vision:To become a leader among Islamic Banks of the country in the coming years capturing major share of the domestic Islamic financial market. Al-Makhraj Saving Account: The minimum deposit requirement for Al-Makhraj Saving Account is only Rs. 5000 and profits can be earned 6-monthly. Other features associated with this product are as follows: Minimum Initial Deposit: Rs. 5000 Islamic Tools used in designing the product: Mudaraba/ Musharaka Product to be availed by: Individuals & Joint Account Holders (Local) Companies, Corporate, Trusts, etc Special A dvantages: For Customer = Bi-Annual Profit Payment; Withdrawal Facility Shariah = Meets requirements for Shariah Compliance Additional Features: | * Personalized Cheque books| * Withdrawal Facility from ATM/ Debit Card| | * Online deposit as per bank's policy| | * Virtual Banking| | * Call Centers Facilities| | * 6-monthly profit payment on the basis of monthly declared rates| | * Issuance of duplicate statement of account (as per SOBC)| | * Free bank balance certificates (once in 6 months)| | * Taking stop payment/ hold mail/ standing instructions| | * No penalty if balance falls below minimum level. | | * Personal financial consultancy services (regarding Shariah Compliant products)| | * Utility bill payment via ATM card| | * Choice of statement frequency (as per Schedule of Charges)| IANAT Account:For customers who are looking for a chequing account that gives them the ease of doing unrestricted number of transactions, we offer Al-Makhraj Ianat Account. With a minimum of only Rs. 10,000, Ianat Account may be opened. With all the features and facilities that this product offers, it is highly recommended for management of business funds. Details of the product are as follows:| | 1| Minimum Initial Deposit: Rs. 10,000| 2| Product to be availed by: Individuals ; Joint Account Holders (Local), Companies, Corporate, Trusts, etc| 3| Additional Features: | | A| Personalized Cheque books| | B| Withdrawal Facility from ATM/ Debit Card| | C| Online deposit as per bank's policy| D| Debit card; Utilities payment via ATM card| | E| Virtual Banking| | F| Call center facilities| | G| Free bank balance certificates (once in 6 months)|   | H| Taking stop payment/ hold mail/ standing instructions|   | I| Issuance of duplicate statement of account (as per Schedule of Charges)|   | J| Choice of statement frequency (as per Schedule of Charges)|   | K| No penalty if balance falls below minimum level. | 4| Banking Network: IBD's Branch only| | Al Makhraj Term Deposit: A mi nimum of Rs. 25,000 is required for investment in Al-Makhraj Term Deposit. Choice of tenors can be made from a list of options namely 1, 3 ; 6 months, 1 or 2years.Profit payment options available to customers are monthly, quarterly and/ or at maturity. Details of the product are as follows: * Minimum Deposit: Rs. 25,000| * Islamic Tools used in designing the product: Mudaraba/ Musharaka| * Tenors Available:1 mth, 3 mth, 6 mth, 1 yr or 2 yrs | * Product to be availed by: Individuals ; Joint Account Holders (Local), Companies, Corporate, Trusts, etc| * Special Advantages: | | * For Customers = Profit Payment Options customized to suit needs of customers; Minimum Deposit requirement’s lower than most banks so it is more accessible/ affordable for people | | * Shariah = Meets requirements for Shariah Compliance | | * Additional Features: | | * Call center facilities| * Taking hold mail/ standing instructions for profit payments etc| | * Personal financial consultancy services (re garding Shariah Compliant products)| Profit Sharing Ratio on Al-Makhraj Account: Profit Sharing Ratio on Al-Makhraj Riba-Free Savings ; Term Deposit   Accounts is: Rabbul Maal (Depositor)|   Ã‚  70%| Mudarib (Bank)|   Ã‚  30%| MCB offers 3 broad Islamic fund based facilities: * Ijarah * Mudarabah * Diminishing Musharika Equipment Ijarah: MCB’s Islamic Ijarah, analogous to the English term ‘leasing’, is based on the ‘Ijarah wa Iqtina’ concept which means the sale of the asset to the lessee (customer) after the Ijarah has matured. Under this scheme, MCB will be the owner of the asset, and you (lessee) will be given the asset to use

Road Safety Essay

The road safety essay is intended to warn about the danger that people can face on the roads. Moreover, this topic is considered as rather important and controversial because a lot of people die in accidents. The road safety essay refers not only to clarification of the issue and its aspects but also to developing measures for the safety increasing. The traffic security is considered to be one of the most important issues for maintaining the safety of the society. It includes a range of measures that should act to decline the number of fatalities and cases of injuries on the roads. What is more, the road safety determines the standards of living in all modern countries and depends on specific conditions of every state. As a result, the concept of road security is a complex problem that can be separated into different levels, which has particular aspects of the issue. First of all, it is important to list the main participants of the road traffic that in the majority of cases are perpetrators or victims of accidents. Hence, there are several typical road users that determine road safety: pedestrians cyclists bikers passengers drivers Secondly, it is crucial to understand that the road security issue is being solved not only by state authorities but also by various international organizations. Moreover, this question refers to the world problem of public health and injuries prevention. The researchers report that approximately 1.2 million people are killed and 50 million injured in road accidents. In the era of fast technological progress, the number of cars, motorbikes and the other types of transport increases from year to year influencing frequency of fatal occasions. As a result, providing citizens with a safety on the roads should be one of the most discussed questions by authorities to develop improvements to various state traffic programs. Speaking about perpetrators of road accidents, it is important to mention the leading cause of injuries cases such as inattention and negligence. Also, the higher level of safety can be reached by reducing the chances of the driver to make an error or pedestrian not to notice the danger. Moreover, traffic rules include appropriate measures that are designed to provide participants of the road traffic with safety. It could be such rules as proper usage of seat belts and airbags, application of various drivers assistance programs and crash avoidance equipment. Also, both drivers and pedestrians should follow safety measures while being participants of road traffic remembering that their lives depend on their actions. What is more, different aspects of administrative actions determine the level of road safety in the country. One of the most important roles has the police service in providing the appropriate conditions of the traffic. Police officers have to oversee situation on the roads in details taking into account different weather conditions and natural seasons of every separate country. In conclusion, it is possible to state that the road safety is one of the most important issues of maintaining the safety balance in the society. Furthermore, there is a range of controversial problems that make peoples concern and should become the priority for authorities because peoples lives are the main value for every country.