10 dudas resueltas sobre el ajuste de estatus

10 dudas resueltas sobre el ajuste de estatus El ajuste de estatus es un trmite que permite a los migrantes presentes en Estados Unidos solicitar y obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, tambià ©n conocida como green card, sin necesidad de salir del paà ­s. Para completar este trmite del ajuste de estatus ,el migrante deber presentar, un formulario principal, planillas de apoyo, documentacià ³n de evidencia y, dependiendo del tipo de caso, pago de un arancel. Adems, puede ser necesaria una entrevista con un oficial migratorio, presentarse para la toma de datos biomà ©tricos y el envà ­o de documentacià ³n adicional a peticià ³n del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). El ajuste de estatus se diferencia del proceso consular como procedimiento para la obtencià ³n de la green card en que en este à ºltimo el migrante debe estar fuera de los Estados Unidos y presentarse a una entrevista en una oficina consular estadounidense. Por su importancia migratoria, a continuacià ³n se aclaran las principales dudas sobre el ajuste de estatus. Ajuste de estatus El ajuste de estatus es un proceso que permite a los migrantes obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente sin salir de EE.UU. No todos los migrantes pueden ajustar su estatus.En la actualidad es un proceso largo –o muy largo– y caro. Una de sus grandes ventajas es que evita las separaciones familiares y que el migrante en proceso de ajuste de estatus puede obtener un permiso de trabajo.  ¿Cules son las ventajas del ajuste de estatus? El ajuste de estatus brinda dos grandes ventajas para los migrantes. En primer lugar, permite que el proceso de adquirir la tarjeta de residencia permanente se desarrolle en su totalidad en Estados Unidos. Como consecuencia, el migrante se ahorra los gastos que generarà ­a la obligacià ³n de salir del paà ­s para completar el proceso y podrà ­a obtener un permiso de trabajo mientras se tramita el ajuste. En segundo lugar, los migrantes indocumentados que cumplen los requisitos para ajustar su estatus evitan tener que salir del paà ­s para arreglar los papeles a travà ©s del proceso consular y asà ­ no activan el castigo de los tres y de los 10 aà ±os.  ¿Cules son los requisitos para el ajuste de estatus? Hay dos grandes requisitos. En primer lugar, calificar para sacar la tarjeta de residencia permanente por uno de los varios motivos establecidos por la ley. Son ejemplos comunes, pero no los à ºnicos, los siguientes: por peticià ³n de familiar por residente o ciudadano.por asilo o refugiadospor visa U (và ­ctima violencia) o T (trfico humano)por visa K-1 de prometido de ciudadanopor patrocinio de una empresaemigrantes especialescubanos, en aplicacià ³n de Ley de Ajuste Cubano, etc. En segundo lugar, es necesario, adems, calificar para beneficiarse del proceso de ajuste de estatus. Y es que no todos los migrantes que califican para la green card pueden beneficiarse del trmite del ajuste de estatus. Por ejemplo, no pueden ajustar su estatus, entre otros, los siguientes migrantes:cà ³nyuges y padres de ciudadanos que ingresaron ilegalmente a Estados Unidosfamiliares de residentes en situacià ³n de indocumentadoscà ³nyuge de ciudadano que ingresà ³ con visa K-1 y se casà ³ con persona distinta a su patrocinadortitulares de visa J-1 o J-2 de intercambio que estn sujetos a la obligacià ³n de residir fuera de EE.UU. por dos aà ±os.Otros casos. Cabe destacar que la ley permite excepciones a la regla general en ciertos casos, por ejemplo, para los migrantes que piden para sà ­ el beneficio de VAWA por violencia domà ©stica. Formulario para solicitar el ajuste de estatus El formulario del USCIS para el ajuste de estatus es el I-485. En los casos excepcionales en los que el migrante puede sacar la green card en aplicacià ³n de la Seccià ³n 245(i) de la Ley de Naturalizacià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (INA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s), tambià ©n deber completar el formulario I-485 Supplement A. Adems, se debern presentar otros formularios, como la Declaracià ³n de sostenimiento econà ³mico (affidavit of support, en inglà ©s), pero su naturaleza depende de la razà ³n por la que el migrante califica para sacar la green card. Cabe destacar que la mayorà ­a de los migrantes debern presentar una copia del I-94, registro de ingreso y de salida, para acreditar que entraron legalmente a los Estados Unidos. Asimismo, deber realizarse un examen mà ©dico. Conviene presentar tambià ©n al mismo tiempo la solicitud de permiso de trabajo y la solicitud de permiso para viajar, conocido en inglà ©s como advance parole. Si se presentan conjuntamente con la peticià ³n de ajuste de estatus no es necesario pagar una cuota a mayores por estos dos permisos. En otras palabras, la cuota est incluida en la de ajuste de estatus. Todos los documentos adjuntos que se presenten deben traducirse al idioma inglà ©s y certificarlo, si es que estn redactados en otra lengua.  ¿Cundo se presenta formulario I-485 ajuste de estatus? El momento en que se puede enviar el formulario para el ajuste de estatus depende de la razà ³n por la que el migrante saca la green card. En la mayorà ­a de los casos necesitar que exista una visa disponible para su categorà ­a. Por ejemplo, el cà ³nyuge de un residente permanente es categorà ­a F2A. No puede enviar los documentos para solicitar el ajuste mientras el boletà ­n de visas que publica todos los meses el Departamento de Estado no diga que ya hay visa disponible segà ºn la fecha de prioridad de la aplicacià ³n del migrante. Sin embargo, hay casos excepcionales en los que se puede presentar la solicitud de ajuste en el momento en que ya se solicita la green card. Por ejemplo, en el caso de peticià ³n de cà ³nyuge, padres o hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os por parte un ciudadano estadounidense.  ¿Cul es el costo del formulario I-485? Pueden darse las siguientes situaciones: Menor de 14 aà ±os que aplica con al menos un progenitor: $750Menor de 14 aà ±os que no aplica con ningà ºn progenitor: $1.140Migrantes entre 14 y 78 aà ±os de edad: $1.225, incluye servicio biomà ©tricoMigrantes de 79 aà ±os o ms: $1.140Migrantes admitidos a EE.UU. como refugiados: $0 Segà ºn las circunstancias, algunos migrantes podrà ­an calificar por un waiver para no pagar la tarifa. Sin embargo, antes de solicitarlo es conveniente asesorarse con un abogado ya que podrà ­a dar lugar al rechazo de la peticià ³n de ajuste de estatus por motivo de carga pà ºblica. Esta cuota se puede pagar mediante money order, cheque personal o cashiers check contra una cuenta en un banco de Estados Unidos o mediante tarjeta de crà ©dito. Para esto à ºltimo debe completarse el formulario G-1450. La tarifa no se regresa si el ajuste de estatus no es aprobado. Huellas digitales para ajuste de estatus Los migrantes entre 14 y 78 aà ±os recibirn una carta para que en un dà ­a y una hora determinada se presenten en un ACS para la toma de huellas digitales, fotografà ­as y para firmar que todo lo que han dicho en su solicitud de ajuste de estatus es verdad. USCIS puede negar el ajuste de estatus si el migrante no firma o si no se presenta en el ACS la fecha indicada y no solicità ³ previamente un cambio de dà ­a y/o hora.  ¿Cunto se demora el ajuste de estatus? En la actualidad, el ajuste de estatus est sufriendo notables retrasos. Por ejemplo, el Centro de California se est demorando entre 8 meses y 43 meses y medio. El Centro de Texas, entre 14 y 41 meses. Entre los factores que explican la diferencia de tiempo en un mismo centro de USCIS pueden estar la necesidad de realizar entrevistas o no o la solicitud de documentacià ³n adicional por parte de USCIS. Es posible verificar los retrasos medios en la pgina oficial de USCIS. En la casilla de Form, seleccionar I-485 y en la de Field Office o Service Center, elegir la del centro que està © gestionando la aplicacià ³n. Adems, existen diversos medios para contactar con USCIS para verificar el estatus del caso.  ¿Se puede trabajar/viajar mientras se espera por ajuste de estatus? Se puede trabajar una vez que se recibe el permiso de trabajo, a menos que se tenga ya uno emitido que continà ºa siendo vlido. No se deberà ­a viajar al extranjero sin tener en mano el advance parole aprobado, ya que el migrante se arriesga a que se le impida regresar a EE.UU. Incluso con ese permiso aprobado los migrantes en situacià ³n de indocumentados deberà ­an consultar con un abogado antes de viajar. USCIS y negacià ³n de ajuste de estatus Una peticià ³n de ajuste de estatus puede ser negada porque se considera al migrante como inadmisible. En la actualidad, es conveniente tener en cuenta las nuevas directrices del gobierno sobre el problema llamado carga pà ºblica. Novios y esposos: consideraciones a tener en cuenta En el caso de relaciones familiares existe la tentacià ³n de que el novio o cà ³nyuge extranjero ingrese a EE.UU. e intentar arreglar la situacià ³n migratoria mediante la solicitud de un ajuste de estatus y asà ­ evitar una separacià ³n larga, que es lo que sucede con las aplicaciones en las que se va a travà ©s del proceso consular. Sin embargo, cabe destacar que sin darse cuenta se està © cometiendo un fraude de ley, cuando el cà ³nyuge extranjero o el novio de un ciudadano estadounidense ingresa como turista con la intencià ³n de quedarse en EE.UU. y solicitar una green card. Para evitar problemas de este tipo es conveniente tenerlo presente y dejar transcurrir un tiempo prudente desde el ingreso del cà ³nyuge o novio extranjero hasta el momento de solicitar el ajuste de estatus o, en el caso de prometidos, de la celebracià ³n del matrimonio. En la actualidad se exige un tiempo mayor que en el pasado. Este artà ­culo no es asesorà ­a legal. Tiene un carcter meramente informativo.

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent Biography

Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent Biography Fluently bilingual, with an Irish mother and a Quà ©bà ©cois father, Louis St. Laurent was an apolitical lawyer when he went to Ottawa in 1941 to be Minister of Justice and Mackenzie Kings Quebec lieutenant temporarily until the end of the war. St. Laurent did not retire from politics until 1958. The post-war years were prosperous in Canada, and Louis St. Laurent expanded social programs and began many mega-projects. While the influence of Britain on Canada was gradually decreasing, the influence of the United States on Canada grew. Prime Minister of Canada 1948-57 Highlights as Prime Minister Newfoundland joined Canada 1949 (see Joey Smallwood)Trans-Canada Highway Act 1949Canada was a founding member of NATO 1949Canada contributed troops to the UN force in Korea from 1950 to 1953. More than 26,000 Canadians served in the Korean War and 516 died.Canada played a role in resolving Suez Crisis 1956St. Lawrence Seaway started construction 1954Introduced equalization payments to distribute federal taxes to provincial governments 1956Introduced universal old age pensionsProvided funds for hospital insuranceCreated Canada Council 1956 Birth and Death Born on February 1, 1882, in Compton, OntarioDied on July 25, 1973, in Quebec City, Quebec Education BA - St. Charles Seminary, Sherbrooke, QuebecLL.L - Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec Professional Background Corporate and constitutional lawyerLaw professorPresident of the Canadian Bar Association 1930-32Counsel, Rowell-Sirois Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations Political Affiliation Liberal Party of Canada Riding (Electoral District) Quebec East Political Career of Louis St. Laurent In 1941, at the age of 59 and at the request of Mackenzie King, Louis St. Laurent agreed to be Minister of Justice until World War II was over. Louis St. Laurent was first elected to the House of Commons in a by-election in 1942. He was Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada from 1941 to 1946 and again in 1948, and Secretary of State for External Affairs from 1946 to 1948. He was elected Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1948. In 1948, Louis St. Laurent was sworn in as Prime Minister of Canada. The Liberals won the general elections of 1949 and 1953. The Liberals lost the general election in 1957 and Louis St. Laurent became Leader of the Opposition. John Diefenbaker became Prime Minister. Louis St. Laurent resigned as Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada in 1958.

Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Case - Assignment Example Cineplex had the advantage to show specialty movies, in particular foreign art films that could not be shown in large theaters with reasonable profit margin. The basic purpose of existence of Cineplex was not to compete with the large theaters but to develop a new market that to some extent does not exist. All the screens in the Cineplex presented a compelling picture of profit margins that show a success of the newly developed idea. After the comeback from the verge of bankruptcy Drabinsky has the possession over one of the North America’s major theater chains. The market was diversifying at that time and TV channels were eating the market share by showing the movies with the comfort of home. Drabinsky was concerned with this situation and decided to change the perception of moviegoers by enhancing the movie going experience in theaters. The enhancements were brought regarding the renovation of theaters. At first the uniformly drab design of Cineplex was abandoned that was common in most theater chains, introduced the art work in the lobbies, lush woolen carpet spread over the marble floors of theater and also incurred some other changes in the physical structure of theater. The screening auditorium featured scientifically countered seats, digital background music, and state of the art projection systems. One more new idea was introduced; it was real buttered popcorn in the concession stands and cafes th at offered freshly brewed cappuccino. With the introduction of such changes in its theaters, Drabinsky changed the face of film exhibition. This stand gave a sustained competitive advantage for a long time to the Cineplex. Drabinsky continuously focused on innovations and new ideas implementation in the business structure. He was always looking to increase the power of the company by consistent increase in the market share, new market development or market expansion etc. Continuously increasing market share was his main concern. Drabinsky had

The international business environment is shaped by a wide variety of Essay

The international business environment is shaped by a wide variety of Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural and Technological ('PE - Essay Example The internationalization of businesses is normally shaped by macro-environmental factors which impacts hugely on their operations. Therefore, it is advisable for managers to ensure that a thorough analysis is conducted on the macro-environmental factors before making a move to go global. The macro-environmental factors that shape the international business environment include political, economical, social, legal, and technological factors (Blythe 2006, p.21). These factors must be considered because failure to do so might lead to sub-optimization of the strategies and resources invested by the company. This paper will examine how the political, economical, socio-cultural, and technological factors shape up the international business environment. Political/legal factors Political factors that shape a company’s internalization strategy include laws, groups and agencies that impact and limit individuals and organizations in society (Viswanathan and Dickson 2006, p.26). The areas that must be evaluated by managers include the attitude of the government toward foreign businesses, political stability, government bureaucracy as well as the financial policies of the country in which the company wants to establish its operations. The legal and political forces are very crucial and need to be considered by any manager because they cover several aspects of policies adopted by a company. For instance, the policies adopted by the government affects the entire industry through its regulatory bodies such as Trade and Industry Departments and Environmental Departments (Morrison 2009, p.16). These bodies affect the industry in which the company operates through their policies on trade and standards and restriction within their areas of controls. Policies developed by these bodies can affect businesses in a number of ways including the products produced, sold, or promoted by a company. It is very important for multinational companies to acknowledge the fact that political backgrounds differs from one country to another. For instance, the political environment of the U.K. may be quite different from that of China. This implies that a multinational company in the U.K. wishing to set businesses in China must first be conversant with the political and legal issues in China before making any move set business in the new environment. Morrison (2009) notes that a majority of economies that were formerly centrally planned still receive protection from their governments. This implies that a move to have a joint venture can easily be accepted in such economies. At the same time, it is reported that legal implications pertaining to the marketing of a product globally is very complex (Daniels and Radebaugh 1998, p.51). This is because every country has its legal system which implies that global companies must adhere to such legal systems in order not to find themselves on the wrong side of the law. McDonald’s is one of the most famous Americas fast food restaurants with an international presence in several countries such as the U.K., Japan and Russia, just to name but a few. However, reports indicate that McDonald’s was hugely affected by a legal challenges in Russia in 1993 when a law was passed in Russia compelling all stores (both local and international) to have Russian names. The same law,

General Mills Case Essay Example for Free

General Mills Case Essay General Mills is a major manufacturer and marketer of consumer foods in partnership with Pepsi Co. and Nestle. General Mills’ revenue is about 7.5 dollars with a market capitalization numbering to about 11 billion dollars. Its products are cereals, snacks, yogurt and many more and with this, they have to decide about an acquisition of another business which complements their products for them to be able to create more shares of stocks for the personal growth of the company. The company which they want to acquire is Pillsbury which is owned by Diageo PLC. Diageo PLC is considered as one of the leading consumer goods companies in the world. Owned by Diageo, Pillsbury operates as an independent company which produces refrigerated dough and baked goods which is related with the business of General Mills. Pillsbury‘s earning on year 2000 is $6.1 billion with reasonable debt structure. This transaction requires General Mill to issue 141million shares of its common stock to Diageo, making him own 33% of General Mill’s outstanding stocks. It also included an assumption of $5.142 billion of Pillsbury debt by Diageo. The first two statements when added would total to the asking price of Diageo which is $10.5 billion that is $500 million larger than the proposed payment of Gen. Mills totaling to $10 billion. Another is a contingent payment by Diageo of up to $642 million to General Mills upon the first anniversary of the transaction depending on General Mill’s 20days share price at that time. If the transaction would be completed, General Mills would then own 100% of the Pillsbury’s stock as it would already be owned by General Mills. In relation with the terms set in the transaction, General Mills didn’t like to issue one third of its shares to Diageo that is actually equal to 33%, which is what Diageo wanted. Another is that General Mills didn’t want to lose value it its investment grade bond rating. Positive results if transaction is approved: 1. General Mills will achieve growth because sales that will be made by Pillsbury will now be added to the sales made by General Mills and that goes with an increase in revenue for General Mills. This result will then benefit GM’s share-holders. 2. The two companies’ products are related and thus there would be easier management and operation since they could combine materials and resources and be able to choose which are the better suppliers bases on what the two companies currently have. Upon acquisition, they joint companies could now remove and retain what is better for them to have for better production. In relation to this, they would then be able to save costs maybe from production or others like taxes. 3. Merger of brand names could increase the value of the company with regards to their popularity. 4. According to Porter, there is rivalry in industries and as a Hotel and Restaurant Management graduate, I could say that the competition within the food industry is very intense because of low barriers to entry. So, the joining of two big companies is essential for them to be able to create stronger barriers to diminish competitors and therefore earn more than usual. EXHIBIT 3 Price of stocks on transaction date, July 14, 2000 is $36.31 Total stocks: 141million * 3 = 423million Total price of stocks as of Nov. 27, 2000 423million * $36.31 = $15.359 billion The latest price of stocks of General Mills is equal to $40.49 as of Nov. 27, 2000 Remaining stocks after transaction: 423-141 = 282million Total price of remaining stocks after transaction: 282million * $40.49 = $11.418 billion *This would show that General Mills did not lose so much since there was increase in the price of their stock that means that it would be receive payment from Diageo amounting to $642 million which it could use to buy back some of its stocks. Possible negative Effects of Acquisition: 1. Possible increase in their debt since according to exhibit 5, General Mills have a total debt to equity ratio of 12.048 with a long term debt to equity ratio of 6.179. 2. Possible loss of employment because of cost saving and duplication in the position of employees for the joint company. In conclusion, I think that they should agree with the transaction because of the more positive result it will bring compared to the negative effects that it could give. The losses they will have will surely have a great return after they have polished everything in their marketing, production, management operations and in regards with whole new company.

Strategies and Definitions of 3D Animation

Strategies and Definitions of 3D Animation 2.1 Definition of Animation 2.1.1 A Technical Definition of Animation Various definitions of animation exist that cover technical, physiological, through to philosophical aspects. In a technical sense, Myers (1999, [Online]) describes animation, the form that we have become familiar with, as a series of drawings that are linked together and photographed. The drawings have been slightly changed between individualized frames so when they are played back in rapid succession there appears to be seamless movement within the drawings'(Myers 1999, [Online]). Jonsson (1978, p. 2) also describes animation in a technical sense: A strip of movie film consists of still pictures called frames each one slightly different from the one preceding it. When the film is projected and run continuously these still pictures give an illusion of movement (Jonsson 1978, p. 2). Morrison (1994, p. 5) simply defines, animation as the illusion of movement: This illusion of movement can be achieved by quickly displaying a series of images that show slight incremental changes in one of the depicted objects. If you play back these images fast enough, the eye will perceive movement (Morrison 1994, p. 5). It is safe for one to conclude that animation and motion picture in general, when viewed by a human is an illusion, the rapid succession of ordered singular frames tricking the viewers eye into perceiving there is an apparent seamless movement. This technical definition of animation is closely linked to the history and evolution of motion picture, also to human physiology and how the eye and the brain perceive movement. 2.1.2 The Beginnings of the Motion Picture Animation cannot be achieved without first understanding a fundamental principle of the human eye: the persistence of vision'(James 2002, [Online]). Animation literature shows that the appreciation of this principle is not only linked with the history of animation and motion picture but much earlier, beginning long ago in our past. Since the beginnings of time, human beings have tried to capture a sense of motion in their art'(James 2002, [Online]). Williams (2001) points out several examples; a 35,000 year old pre-historic cave painting of a boar in Northern Spain displaying four pairs of legs to show motion'(Williams 2001, p. 11). Egyptian temple paintings of figures that progressively changed position'(Williams 2001, p. 12). Ancient Greek decorated pots with figures in successive stages of action. Spinning the pot would create a sense of motion'(Williams 2001, p. 12). Other examples are cave and wall paintings, medieval tapestries, scrolls, and paintings which all tell continuous storiesand some of which attempt to illustrate repetitive motions'(James 2002, [Online]). Theories that were born in the ancient world by classical scholars were to prove very important in the genesis of animation, as The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) points out. It identifies historical figures such as the Greek Aristotle (384-322 BC), who observed light and motion after effects, dating back to 340 BC (The Private Lessons Channel 2002, [Online]). The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) then points out that later, in 130 AD, Greek astronomer and geographer Ptolemy (100-178 AD) discovered the aforementioned persistence of vision. In elaborating a point made by Thomas (1964, p. 8), one can see how these ancient scholars came to such discoveries; Imagine a torch lighted with fire, being whisked around in a circular motion in the darkness, the eye seeing a continuous unbroken circle of light. This type of phenomenon must have been known to the ancients'(Thomas 1964, p. 8). 2.1.3 A Physiological Definition of Animation The Persistence of Vision While there is evidence of a fascination with the visual documentation of movement and narrative in prehistoric and classical periods, it was not until these notions were later revisited by 19th century inventors, that modern animation principles emerged. One of these inventors was the Frenchman Peter Mark Roget, also the author of the famous Rogets Thesaurus, who in the 1820s rediscovered the vital principle, the persistence of vision'(Williams 2001, p. 13). Williams (2001, p. 13) explains the persistence of vision on the following way: This principle rests on the fact that that our eyes temporarily retain the image of anything theyve just seen. If this wasnt so, we would never get the illusion of an unbroken connection in a series of images, and neither movies nor animation would be possible. Many people dont realise the movies dont actually move, and that they are still images that appear to move when they are projected in a series (Williams 2001, p. 13). Jonsson (1978, p. 2) gives a more physiologically oriented explanation: What makes this possible is a quality of our brain called persistence of vision that is; although the frame we are viewing at any given moment is in fact still, the image burns itself onto our retina, so that it remains with us for a small fraction of time while we view the next one and if the difference seems to be a reasonable follow-on, an illusion is created (Jonsson 1978, p. 2). Concluding that technical and physiological aspects work hand-in-hand in motion picture, Jonsson (1978, p. 2) explains that for the eye to record an apparent continuous seamless movement, a certain frequency of frames per second needs to be displayed. Morrison (1994, p. 5) states that human visual acuity is low enough that only 12-15 different pictures (or frames) need to be displayed per second to produce the illusion of movement. The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) states that the number of frames per second, or fps, directly correlates to how smooth the movement appears. If the frame rate is too slow, the motion will look awkward and jerky. If the frame rate is too high the motion will blur'(The Private Lessons Channel 2002, [Online]). For the eye to record a normal, continuous movement that is not too fast, and not too slow there needs to be a frequency of around 24 to 30 fps displayed by a projector. Jonsson (1978, p. 2), states that this is the sole principle by which both live-action and animated films work. 24 fps is used in cinema, 25 fps is used for PAL television (Europe and Australia), and 30 fps is used for NTSC television (America and Japan). In relation to the illusion of movement and persistence of vision, both Wells (1998 p. 10) and Furniss (1998 p. 5) portrays the view of well-known Scottish-born animation identity Norman McClaren: Animation is not the art of drawings that move, but rather the art of movements that are drawn. What happens between each frame is more important than what happens on each frame; Animation is therefore the art of manipulating the invisible interstices that lie between the frames (McClaren qtd. in Furniss 1998 p. 5). James (2002, [Online]) states that Roget demonstrated the persistence of vision principle in his invention, the thaumatrope. James (2002, [Online]) and Williams (2001, p. 13), describe it as a disc held between two pieces of string, which was attached to both of the disc edges. Each flat side of the disc had different images; one a bird, the other an empty birdcage. Twirling of the disc with the pulling of the string results in the bird appearing to be in the cage. This proved that the eye retains images when it is exposed to a series of pictures, one at a time'(James 2002, [Online]). The Private Lessons Channel (2002, [Online]) notes that two other inventors are credited with this invention, the Frenchman Dr. John Ayrton, and Englishman Dr. Fitton, depending on the source. 2.1.4 The Early Evolution of the Motion Picture Crucial to the evolution of Animation and indeed Motion Picture were other related inventions. James (2002, [Online]) describes other optical devices of a similar nature to the thaumatrope, such as the phenakistoscopeinvented in 1826 by Joseph Plateau, and the zoetropeinvented in 1860 by Pierre Desvignes. Williams (2001, p. 14) mentions another similar invention, the praxinoscope, invented by the Frenchman Emile Reynaud in 1877. Clark (1979, p. 8) states that these contraptions relied for their effect on either an endless paper band or a cardboard disc bearing series of pictures drawn in progressive stages of an action. Viewed intermittently through slots or reflected in mirrors the drawings came to life and appeared to move'(Clark 1979, p. 8). Another invention included the flipbook, or kineograph pad, first appearing in 1868. Another important invention relevant to Motion Picture was photography. The first photographs were taken in the late 1820s by a Frenchman, Nicà ©phore Nià ©pce'(Thomas 1964, p. 6). In the 1870s Sir Charles Wheatstones moving picture stereoviewerwas created to view a series of actual photographs in ordered succession (Thomas 1964, p. 16). Thomas (1964, p. 18) points out that the first to capture and record a sequence of images, was the English/American Eadweard J. Muybridge, where he famously captured a horse and carriage trotting. He then played the captured images back in a viewing device, known as the zoopraxiscope. Another important revolution in the evolution of the Motion Picture was that of nitrate celluloid film invented by H.W. Goodwin in 1887. Nitrate celluloid film was a chemical combination of gun cotton and gum camphor'(McLaughlin 2001, [Online]). Thomas (1964, p. 29) acknowledges the birth of Cinema to the famous American inventor Thomas A. Edison, and the Scot William Kennedy Laurie Dickson. In 1892 Edison and Dickson succeeded in building a camera capable of taking moving pictures at a rate of forty-six per second on Eastman celluloid film'(Thomas 1964, p. 29). Edisons and Dicksons viewing device, influenced by Austrian Ottomar Anschà ¼tz, was named the kinetoscope. Thomas (1964, p. 29) describes it as a viewing cabinet by means of which only one person could view a film at a time. As the images were not projected, the viewer had to use a small eyepiece to look into the cabinet in order to see the moving images. Instigated and influenced by the work Edison and Dickson, other inventors set about evolving the kinetoscoperesulting in viewing devices with the ability to project images. The most well-known of these inventors were the Lumià ¨re brothers, who in 1895 designed a camera and projector which they call the cinà ©matographe'(Thomas 1964, p. 30). The Lumià ¨re brothers became the first to give a public exhibition of moving pictures'(Thomas 1964, p. 30), which they held on the 28th of December 1895, at the Grand Cafà © in Paris. It is interesting to note that Estonian animator Priit Pà ¤rn in his surrealist-inspired short film 1895, pays tribute to the Lumià ¨re brothers, and invention of the cinà ©matographe. Thomas (1964, p. 31), concludes that the interest shown by the public in these first cinema shows gave rise to a rapid growth in a new industry. In time, with the advent and advancement of various technologies and techniques, the first true animated films were born. 2.1.5 A Philosophical Definition and Discussion of Animation Animation is the art of bringing something to life. How its brought to life can be done any number of different ways, simply states Ludwin (1998, [Online]). Bringing something to life is indeed a very important theme in animation. To better understand the definition of animation, it is useful to find out the original term from which the word animation derives. Wells (1998, p. 10) notes that animation derives from the latin word animare, which means to give life to, and that the animated film largely means the artificial creation of the illusion of movement in inanimate lines and forms. The famous Zagreb School of Croatia relates the definition of to animate back to this original meaning. They suggest, that to animate is to give life and soul to a design, not through the copying but through the transformation of reality(Wells 1998, p. 10). When youre animating and moving an object, youre instilling life in something'(Lubin 2003). This leads us onto animators philosophies, ideologies and animation aesthetics. There are many differences in philosophy among animators and opinion of what the essence of animation actually is. One interesting example illustrating the philosophical differences of opinion is with respect to the extent of which animation should reflect real-life. For instance, the copying of real-life movements using motion capture techniques, are not favoured by all animators. Stefan Marjoram of the Aardman studio notes that motion capture is alright in sports games, but it doesnt necessarily make you a good animator. Animations not about copying real life, after all a lot of people use motion capture for that. For me animation is about exaggerating real life'(Ricketts 2002, p. 51). Lubin (2003) agrees: Thats absolutely right. I mean if youre doing a game and you want to get Tiger Woodsswing, fine. But Motion Capture which is only about animating humanoid animation, why bother? Just get real actors (Lubin 2003). When asked the question on what the public perception of Animation is, Tom Lubin in an interview on 1 April 2003 stated that it depends on who you askand it depends on the show. Some animation would be dismissed as stuff for something to baby-sitlittle kids with, whilst other animation has a broader market encompassing all age groups. I think the public has a very broad view of it depending on their interests'(Lubin 2003). Lubin (2003) also pointed out that animation has been successful for a really long time, and he stated that it was telling that the Academy Awards now, in the last few years, actually gives an Oscar for the best feature in animation. This has to do with the publics perception of animation as a viable stand alone'(Lubin 2003). Animation at its most creative, is a truly beautiful artform'(White 1988, p. 9). The term art and its related words feature heavily in many animation definitions and philosophies originating from the birth of modern animation. Winsor McCay the first American animator of the early 1900s, who many have dubbed the father of the animated cartoon, once stated: Animation should be an artwhat you fellows have done with it is making it into a tradenot an art, but a tradebad luck (Crandol 1999, [Online]). Crandol (1999, [Online]) points out that McCays warning and prediction inevitably became true. Indeed a studio production system with a streamlined, assembly-line processwas formed out of the necessity to satisfy time, expense and demand factors (Crandol 1999, [Online]). Wells (1998) also mentions several times that the domination and the proliferation of mass-produced cel animation'(p. 35), such as that produced in America and Japan, has led to animation being understood in a limited wayby society (p. 24). Wells (1998, p. 35) elaborates stating that: The amount of cheaply produced, highly industrialised cel animation made in the USA and Japan had colonised television schedules, and perhaps, more importantly, the imaginations of viewers (Wells 1998, p. 35). Crandol (1999, [Online]) also points out that the collective nature of the studio may prevent the artists from receiving the amount of praise an artist working solo garners. Wells (1998, p. 7) makes the point that this type of animation has somewhat diminished animation in the eyes of society as a legitimate artform: Animation has been trivialised and ignored despite its radical tendencies and self-evident artistic achievements at the technical and aesthetic level. Ironically, the dominance of the cartoon(i.e. traditional celanimation in the style of Disney or Warner Brothers, which is predicated on painting forms and figures directly onto sheets of celluloid which are then photographed) has unfortunately misrepresented and the animated film because it art seems invisible or, more precisely, is taken for granted by its viewers. The cartoon seems part of an easily dismissed popular culture; animation, as a term, at least carries with it an aspiration for recognition as an art and, indeed the popular evaluation of other animated forms (Wells 1998, p. 7). Although there appears to be a domination of the of American and Japanese style of animation and its entertainment premise as suggested, affecting the common perception of animation, large difference in styles and approaches have occurred and do exist. In an interview with an animation Domain Expert on 1 May 2003, he made the point that European animation, due to the many various nations and peoples, have contributed a large number of diverse artistic visual styles, contrasting to the American or Japanese styles. He also stated that many animated works are not always of the purely entertainment premise. One example he stated was in the communist period of Eastern Europe where animation was state controlled, focusing on allegorical social comment, the animators slipping in their own secret messages in the films past the censors. Even with the domination of industrialised mass-produced animation, and the influences it has on the audience, Crandol (1999, [Online]) remarks that there have been many animators careful not to let business logistics overwhelm the artistic potential of the medium. Crandol (1999, [Online]) concludes that as long as are creative people working, animation will continue to be the best of both worlds: a trade and an art. Tom Lubin, Head of Training at FTI (Film Television Institute), in an interview on 1 April 2003, in response to the question of animation being an art responded I think it is. Well you need art skills to do it. But actually that not as important to me as storytelling. What animation is, is storytelling. Storytelling and its importance to Animation will be specifically discussed and investigated in Chapter 3: The Principles of Storytelling. To give life towas a major inspirational theme in the animation process I went through, so to was the art of animation, as I have personally and purposefully embraced it when conducting the creative animation process. This will be touched upon in part 2 of the dissertation; The Self-Reflective Case Study. 2.2 The Animation Process The Angus Robertson Dictionary and Thesaurus (1992, p. 788) defines the word process as a series of actions which produce a change or development, and a method of doing or producing something. From these meanings the animation process can be described as what I am researching and undertaking in my Honours project; the pattern of methods an animator undertakes from start to finish in the creation of an animated work, or animation. Animation and the animation process, like many other disciplines, have undergone a paradigm shift due to technological advancements. Indeed technology has been the catalyst for many paradigm shifts as Utz (1993, p. 16) points out. Due to the ever-increasing accessibility and affordability of various technologies, an animators methods, actions and options have changed when implementing the animation process. See Appendix 2: Paradigm Shift in the Animation Process, for a more detailed discussion of this subject. Referring to these changes in the animation process, animator George Griffin believes the role of the animator in an artistic sense has changed very little: Despite the enormous upheavals in technology, the independent animators artistic role remains essentially the same: to draw time, to construct a model of ideas and emotions, using any means available (Griffin qtd. in Laybourne 1998, p. xi). 2.3 Types of Animation For a description of the various types of animation such as traditional 2D animation, stop-motion animation and computer generated 3D animation, please refer to Appendix 2: Paradigm Shift in the Animation Process. 2.4 Conclusion Through investigating the various definitions of animation it can be seen that they cover and include many different aspects. The technical definition of animation is closely linked to the history and evolution of motion picture, and this is turn is linked to the understanding of human physiology and how the eye and the brain perceive movement. The different philosophical definitions and viewpoints animators hold also cover many different aspects, varying immensely. This chapter directly relates to the practical component of the Honours project, as described in part 2 of the dissertation; The Self-Reflective Case Study. This is due to the fact that when creating the 3D animated pilot and series concept, I related to and strongly agreed with various animation philosophies that were discussed in this chapter e.g. to give life to, as mentioned beforehand. On some occasions these philosophies affected and influenced the way that I would conduct my own practical animation process. A brief investigation on societys perception of animation subject matter was also relevant for the target audience of the series concept.

Six Dimensions of Health

Associate Level Material Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet Part 1 For each of the following six dimensions of health, list at least one characteristic, activity, belief, or attitude that reflects that dimension in your life. Provide a brief explanation with each example. Refer to Ch. 1 in the text for explanations of these dimensions. Physical health: When I am eating right exercising and getting enough rest I am less prone to illness, stress and exhaustion. When I have done these things in my life I find that I function on a daily basis a lot better.With exercise and a healthy diet you release happy endorphins which minimize stress and allow me to focus and complete task effectively. Social health: Social health reminds me of what we learned about social and academic writing, I have found they have a lot of similarities. The ones that I have noticed is that you need to be able to maintain a certain level of professionalism when interacting with certain people. , work staff and clie nts. There are certain conversations and behaviors that are not acceptable with everyone.My personal relationships with my friends and family allow me to vent about the work place or to seek personal advice that I could not get ask for in my work environment. Intellectual health: it allows me to review what has happened in the past and make a reasonable assumption of what will happen in the future. For instance, I have found that when I hire people that are in the business for 20 years they are not interested in following most likely not to follow the structure of the company; as if you hire a new person fresh they do not have any other experience.So there for I like to hire new people out of school because they can be molded to the SportClips way. Environmental health: Keeping a clean environment and not doing things that are detrimental to the environment. I do my part by doing things such as not using harsh chemicals in my daily life and recycling. Maintaining a health work envir onment for the people in interact with on a daily basis. Emotional health: To me this refers to my job and my daily life, at times I am extremely overwhelmed and I have to remember not to displace my frustrations or emotions in the wrong place.A lot of times when I get overwhelmed I get very irritable and and become discourages depending on the situation. Spiritual health: I think this is a combination of things that are backed by your faith system and religious beliefs. I was raised in a christian household and I think that these things have taught me to follow a certain value system. Your faith system should teach you to be a better person and live by a certain moral code on how you treat yourself and others. Part 2 In approximately 125 to 200 words, describe health and wellness in your own words using the ideas and concepts for each of the six dimensions of health.In my opinion health and wellness means to take care of yourself and each of these plays a major part in that. Physic al health has to do with your body, ability to fight off disease. Social has to do with your ability to successfully maintain appropriate relationships. Intellectual refers to critical thinking and your ability to analyze certain situations. Emotional has to do with how you properly express emotions. Environmental has to do with your respect for the environment around you and helping to protect it. Spirituality has to do with your values system based on your religious beliefs.

Review of Related Literature and Studies Essay

Being always present in class and getting to school on time are two of the crucial determining factors of a student’s success, not just as a student but as a person who will be managing his/her own life in the future. Given the importance of being punctual, this study aims to explore and find out the factors that affect the punctuality of UP students. In this chapter, we will be discussing about the background of our study. It includes facts about tardiness, the different factors that causes it and its effect to the students as students and as bearer of their own lives in the future. From reliable research materials like online journals and research papers, we will provide some facts and theories from authors, teachers and notable people in order to have a concrete justification of our study. First, we will give a definition of tardiness and present some theories and facts about it. Next, we will discuss he various factors that causes the students to come to school late, the psychological theories, the observation of the teachers and the personal reasons of the students. Lastly, the effects of tardiness to students, not just to himself/herself but also to his/her future and to other people, will be discussed. Tardiness As UP students, we are expected to perform well with excellence in everything that we do, most especially in the academic aspect. One factor that dictates the quality of performance of a student is his/her punctuality that is, getting to school on time or being tardy. As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), â€Å"lateness† can be defined as the â€Å"situation where an individual arrives after the proper, scheduled or usual time (Oxford Advance Learners’ Dictionary, 5th ed., 1995), Lauby (2009) puts it as a term used to describe â€Å"people not showing up on time† and Breeze et al. (2010) contributed by saying that, lateness is synonymous with â€Å"tardiness†, which implies being slow to act or slow to respond, thus not meeting up with proper or usual timing. Lastly, Weade (2004) defined tardiness as â€Å"being late for any measurable length of time past the stated or scheduled start time for work or school.† In most schools, a student is con sidered tardy  when he/she is not present when the school bell rings or when the first teacher starts to give instructional materials for the first subject in the morning class. One of the most recurring and the most â€Å"frustrating problem† that the schools are having with their students nowadays is tardiness (Sprick and Daniels, 2007). It creates problems, not just to the students but also to the teachers (Cowan Avenue Elementary School Community, 2007, para 1). Cowan Crier, the official School Publication of CAESC, also states that while having â€Å"occasional tardy† isn’t a big deal, unfailing tardiness is and it gives students problems including being ill-prepared for the job market. According to the results of the study of the U.S. Department of Education on â€Å"truancy†, which is related to tardiness, being present and on time in going to school are big factors on the â€Å"success and behavior† of the students (Zeiger, 2010, para 1). Thus, it is a lot important to value time and practice being on time while being a student. According to CAESC (2007) and Zeiger (2010), the most essential learning time of the day for the students lies in the morning, specifically between 8:00 to 9:30 AM. It is because the students are most mindful and observant at this time of the day. It is also the reason why the most important lessons and subject matters are discussed during this time. So when students are late or are not present during this time of the day, they, in effect, miss out most of the important lessons to be noted and learned. Factors affecting Punctuality Reasons for being late in class and other factors affecting the punctuality if a student vary. There had been some theories that pointed out that tardiness is caused by the personality of a person. Santillano (2010) stated that psychological theorists considered some â€Å"personality traits, including low self-esteem and anxiety† as triggering factors of tardiness (para 2). She also mentioned that while some theorists considered tardiness as an â€Å"inborn quality† since our being early or late is â€Å"partially biologically determined†, which she also agreed, other experts also believed that some people are â€Å"chronically tardy† for the reason that they consciously and unconsciously get good things from it (para 3). In the book cited by Santillano, â€Å"Never be late again: 7 cures for the punctually challenged†, the author Diana DeLonzor suggested that some  personality traits could most likely lead to a person being often late. Some of the traits included were â€Å"struggling with self control†, â€Å"feeling nervous or uncomfortable with social situations† and â€Å"getting distracted easily† (para 4). Santillano also discussed about the study conducted by DeLonzor at San Francisco State University in 1997 in which she surveyed 225 respondents about their habits that makes them late from their appointments. It was also a test on the personalities of the respondents that affect their habits. According to the results of DeLonzor’s study, those respondents that were often tardy apt to be anxious and gets distracted easily. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor attribute lateness or tardiness to a lot of factors or causes. Going late to bed and waking up late next morning are the most common. The authors added film-watching late at night as a cause for tardiness. The student may forget that he/she needs to be in school the next day. The distance between the student’s home and school or solely the school’s location is also considered by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor as a possible cause for tardiness. Not just because it takes more time to get to school, but according to the authors, the student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along the way. Parent’s untimely tasks and commands are also reasons that students come late to school. Habitual tardiness can also be learned from other members of the family, especially from the older ones. Lack of a firm and consistent policy on punctuality also encourages students to come late at school since there are no consequences attached to lateness or tardiness. These causes of tardiness will lead to serious effects. Another study was the one conducted by Enamiroro Oghuvbu in Nigeria. The objective of the study was to determine the causes of the absenteeism and lateness among the secondary students in Nigeria and to seek for solutions to the growing problem. According to Oghuvbu (2008), female students are more likely to be late than male students because of â€Å"their involvement in domestic activities by their parents† (para 7). Also, as cited by Oghuvbu, â€Å"distance to school, school discipline, family background and school location† (Emore, 2005) are some of the common causes for the tardiness of the secondary students. Oghuvbu collected the data from a sample size of 17, 417 Nigerian respondents from 2005-2006. The sample was made up of 20 principals and 50 each from a set of teachers, parents and students. The means of collecting  data was through a thirty-item questionnaire answerable by either strongly agree (SA), agreed (A), disagree (D), and strongly disagreed (SD). The questionnaire had four questions, one of which was about the causes of lateness among the secondary students of Nigeria. The study revealed that the causes of lateness among the secondary students in Nigeria were â€Å"going late to bed because of watching films and home movies, resulting into wake up late in the morning, distance to school and keeping friends who are not students† (Oghuvbu, 2008). These results went consistent with the results of Oghuvbu’s reference studies which proves that tardiness among students have been a growing problem and that it is caused, not just because of the students but also because of the lack of imposing discipline from the parents. Another research partly studied about tardiness but tackled a specific reason or factor. A study by Pimentel and Quijada (2011) focused on the frequency of use by the UP Cebu freshmen students of Facebook and a part of the study tackled about the effect of the famous social networking site to UP Cebu students’ punctuality and academic performance. For their study, Pimentel and Quijada collected 60 respondents and provided them with questionnaires. The questionnaires contained questions that ask the respondents about their use of Facebook and its effects. A certain question asked the respondents if late-night use of Facebook has an effect on their punctuality. According to the results of the study, three out of 60 respondents are always late, eight said they are sometimes late, 12 said they are seldom late and 37 said that they never get late due to late-night use of Facebook. Generally, the results showed that the respondents are seldom late in class because of late-night use of the social networking site. Ledoux, as cited by Pimentel and Quijada, said that lack of sleep causes neural malfunctions and further affects a person’s behavior. In the study’s case, it is a student’s punctuality that is affected. Sometimes, it is not solely the students’ fault why they keep on being late in coming to class. Another factor that could affect the punctuality of a student is the response of the teachers to tardy students. Sprick and Daniels (2007) stated that the range of the teachers’ response was â€Å"from ignoring them to sending them to office† (p. 21). This variation could lead the students to confusion as to how important it is to be on time in going to class. Another reason is the lack of motivation. Students who  come to school on time are not given incentives or rewards. Also, responses to tardiness are lenient, that is nothing is done until the tenth strike or more. Another reason is â€Å"giving the student the impression that they won’t be missing anything if they are late† since in some classes, no important activities or instructions and no lessons are being done for first few minutes. Lastly, crowded hallways could create traffic, thus blocking the way of other students and making it hard for them to pass through. Effects of Tardiness Tardiness among students has its own negative repercussions. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) emphasized that lateness or tardiness is not just the problem of the late student but it affects the surrounding people. A student coming late in class distracts the rest of the students and disrupts the flow of the teacher’s discussion. It is even a burden to the student/s whom the late students ask for what to catch up with. The rest of the effects given by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor are about the welfare of the whole school, its productivity and revenue. Knowing the possible effects of lateness or tardiness, it is necessary for solutions to be executed. Studies have revealed that those students with â€Å"perfect or near-perfect attendance† have good grades compared to those students who misses classes often and late-comers (Cowan Avenue Elementary School Community, 2007, para 3). Moreover, as mentioned by Zeiger (2010), the results from the survey report conducted by teachers show that students with high tardiness rates have â€Å"higher rates of suspension and other disciplinary measures† (National Center for Education Statistics Indicators of School Crime and Safety [NCESISCS] (2007)). It also causes the students to have behavioral problems and to drop out. Lastly, Zeiger (2010) stated that â€Å"Students who are frequently tardy to school are also more apt to be fired from a job for showing up late† (para 5). A study conducted by Barbara Lee Weade on 2004 tried to â€Å"determine if school tardiness is a predictor of work tardiness† (Weade, 2004). It provided a lot of literature that observes correlations and factors affecting a student’s tardiness. As cited by Weade, the 3rd most common cause for the failure of a student is â€Å"excessive tardiness and unexcused absences† (Ligon and Jackson, 1988).  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Inconsistency of school rules† (Britt, 1988) and situations such as â€Å"crowded halls, limited opportunities for social interaction, irrelevant course content, and teacher indifference† (Damico et al., 1990) are also factors that affect a student’s attendance and punctuality. As mentioned by Weade, personal v alues, financial security and lack of parental guidance (Payne, 2001) as well as family background (Featherstone et al., 1992) influence tardiness and absences of students. Weade gathered data from the schools of participating students. First and foremost, she asked consent from the students and their parents in order to gain permission to collect their school records. She collected and studied the attendance and punctuality records of these students based on the number of unexcused absences and minutes of tardiness. Her study showed that among high school students, the grade point average is correlated with absences and tardiness. This means that students with better attendance and punctuality have higher grade point averages and vis-à  -vis. Her study was also able to show that attendance and punctuality of students are not consistent throughout the year. There were more absences and tardiness at the latter part of the year. Gender has also shown to be a non-factor in the attendance and punctuality of high school students. The study was very comprehensive in its subject matter. It tackles not just school tardiness but its implications on work tardiness. It shows that â€Å"students who are on-time for school classes are also likely to be on-time at work while students who are tardy frequently at school will probably also be tardy at work† (Weade, 2004). The study requires a lot of data but Weade was able to gather a sufficient amount. Though some possible correlations were not established, it is outside the scope of this research. Due to the fact that tardiness has been giving negative effects on the students nowadays, the most important thing to do is to develop a firm, consistent and functional policy that addresses late students. There must be defined sanctions and penalties for late students. Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) stated that school administrators must lead by example. They should be punctual in their own meetings and classes to avoid students to think that being late is just alright since even the authoritative persons are doing it. They should as well teach it and integrate it in every lesson. The effort on the remedy on lateness or tardiness does not start and end with  the school. It must begin with the parents of the students and the government must take part as well. Transportation must be improved in order to avoid students getting stuck in traffic or encountering other obstacles down the streets. Some schools have already started finding solutions that would effectively minimize and/or eliminate tardiness among students. One of the solutions made by some schools is implementing tardiness policies, wherein they take steps in approaching the students and parents for them to solve the problem. CAESC has their policy worked this way. Other schools initiated interdisciplinary curriculum that integrates discipline and conduct in academics. Cordogan (as cited by Weade, 2004), said that a school in Chicago, Illinois adapted a similar curriculum and yielded positive results. Students under the interdisciplinary program exhibited more positive behaviors from students not from the curriculum. Interdisciplinary students showed less absences and tardiness, as well as higher grades. Other schools made smaller academic changes such as developing personality works and cooperative learning activities, such as creation of portfolios and tutorial to younger students. These taught the students better goal-setting, decision making skills and time management. In return, students under these behavior modification programs yielded less tardiness and higher grades. To summarize, many studies have shown the reasons and factors that may contribute to the tardiness of a student. One of the mentioned reasons of tardy students was waking up late in the morning, which can also be attributed to late-night activities, such as social networking, watching movies and television shows, as well as untimely academic and domestic errands. As proven by several studies, sometimes, it’s not also the act of the student that leads to his/her tardiness. The heavy traffic, the teachers, the school surroundings and policies may also serve as influences to the tardiness of students. Many studies have also shown the effects of tardiness on the students, the teachers, the school and the society. According to these studies, the tardiness of a student consumes his/her learning time as well as disturbs other students and teachers. The tardy student also poses as a threat to the school as an educational and professional institution and the student may be one of the less productive members of the society. A lot of studies as well gave testimonies to effective remedies  on tardiness. These studies promoted integration of personality development and interdisciplinary programs into school curriculum to aid students enhance positive behavior and personality leading to the decrease of tardiness. Our study intends to find out the tardiness of UP Cebu students and the reasons and factors that may influence this tardiness.

Intermediate Level English Practice

Intermediate Level English Practice The following is a practice test for intermediate levels testing tense usage and vocabulary accuracy. Feel free to use this test in class and/or share with your friends and colleagues. Follow the directions below and check your answers at the bottom of the page once you have finished both exercises. Exercise 1: Tenses Put the verb in parentheses () into the correct tense. For some questions, there is more than one correct answer. example: John always (get up) __________ late on Sunday.answer: gets up Im new to this job. What exactly (I/have to) __________ do?While I (wait) __________ for my train this morning I (meet) __________ an old school friend.(I/fly)  __________ for the first time last year when I went to Brazil.Next week we are leaving on our honeymoon. As soon as (we/arrive)  __________ at our hotel in Paris (we/order) __________ some champagne to celebrate.If he comes to the concert it (be) __________ the first time he has heard James Brown live.Ive got the tickets. Next week __________ (we/visit) London.Mr. Jones (be) __________ our managing director since 1985.It was the most frightening film (I/ever/see) __________.You seem worried. What (you/think) __________ about?I (study) __________ English for three years now. Exercise 2: Important Vocabulary Choose the best word from the options to complete the sentence. example: Ive got a house __________ the mountainsa. atb. onc. inanswer: c. in When you see Jason can you __________ him that I have a book for him, please?a. sayb. tellc. explainWhat was Laura __________ at the party?a. putting onb. wearingc. dressingIm extremely __________ learning about computers I think they are important for work.a. interested inb. interesting inc. interested forWould you like a coffee? No thanks, Ive __________ had one.a. yetb. alreadyc. againI must fill in this form. Could you __________ me your pen please?a. borrowb. lendc. letMy greatest desire? Well I would love __________ the world cup final.a. seeingb. seec. to seeIve lived in Seattle __________ four years.a. fromb. forc. sinceWhen you were young did you __________ climb trees?a. use tob. used toc. useThis is the __________ section of the exam.a. easiestb. most easyc. easierIts a beautiful scooter but I cant afford to buy it. Its __________ expensive.a. muchb. enoughc. too Answers 1: Tenses Im new to this job. What exactly do I have to do? Use the present simple to discuss daily responsibilities.While I was waiting for my train this morning I met an old school friend. Use the past continuous together with the past simple to indicate an action that was interrupted.I flew for the first time last year when I went to Brazil. Use the past simple to speak about something that happened at a specific time in the past.  Next week we are leaving on our honeymoon. As soon as we arrive at our hotel in Paris we will order some champagne to celebrate. Use the present simple in time clauses when speaking about the future.If he comes to the concert it will be the first time he has heard James Brown live. Use the future with will in conditional sentences with if to show a result.Ive got the tickets. Next week we are going to visit London. Use the future with going to speak about future plans.Mr. Jones has been our managing director since 1985. Use the present perfect to  speak about something that started in the past and is still true in the present. It was the most frightening film I have ever seen. Use the present perfect to speak about experiences.You seem worried. What are you thinking about? Use the present continuous to ask what someone is doing at that moment.I have studied / have been studying English for three years now. Use the present perfect, or the present perfect continuous to speak about how long something has been going on.   Answers 2: Vocabulary b. tell Use tell with an object (Tell him I say Hi!), say (Say hello!) without an object or explain to someone.b. wearing Use wearing with clothes, dressing or putting on with specific clothes.a. interested in Use adjectives with ed (interested, excited, bored) to express how you feel about something.b. already Use already to express that something has taken place before the moment of speaking.a. borrow Use borrow when you take something, lend when you give something that should be returned.c. to see Use the infinitive form of the verb (to see) after would like / love / hate.b. for Use for with the present perfect to express the length of an action up to the present.a. use to Used to expresses what was true as a habit in the past. It often indicates that the situation is no longer true.a. easiest For the superlative form add -iest to adjectives ending in y.c. too Too expresses the idea that there is too much of a quality. In the case, the scooter costs too much money.

Wire Wars essays

Wire Wars essays The war over the health hazards of cellular phones is beginning to mount. The idea that cellular phones possibly cause cancer became an issue in 1993 when a gentleman sued a cell phone manufacturer saying that the phone caused his wifes brain tumor and eventual death (Greenwald, 67). Both sides of the issue continue to blur into one gray area. The battle lines, no longer clearly defined. Research is being undertaken through every organization from The American Cancer Society to the FDA. Although there is no definite answer, more and more evidence is rolling in about the dangerous, possibly cancerous, affects of radiation emitted from the antenna on the cellular phone, into the brain. Americans as a whole doubt the growing amount of evidence that cellular phones have adverse affects. [Jo-Anne Basile of the Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association says the science clearly contradicts warnings. "It is the opinion of policymakers and the scientific community that there are no adverse health effects from cell phones," she says (qtd. in Tuohy, D1)]. This is evident in the growth rate of the cell-phone industry. [There is a phenomenal growth of the $50 billion cell-phone industry. More than 400 million mobile phones are in use worldwide, and manufacturers expect to sell another 400 million units this year. "More cell phones will be sold this year than all the computers, TVs, personal digital assistants and pagers combined." Said Ed Snyder, who follows wireless technologies for the Chase H Cell phones aid in communication and safety and make life more expedient for the general population. A majority of people could never fathom a product u...

Notes on Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Notes on Nursing - Essay Example Notes on Nursing Each of these experiences had an impact on me, although in different ways. I had only made my way through a few pages of â€Å"Notes on Nursing† when I came across a select few pages of Florence Nightingale’s words that changed the way I thought. Nightingale mentions the five essential steps to securing the health of houses as pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, and sufficient lighting. After that, I felt embarrassed at the fact that I had previously always kept my house closed up due to some of my seasonal allergies. Also, I never opened the blinds to let light in or opened the windows to let fresh air into the house. In the section titled â€Å"Ventilation and Warming,† Florence Nightingale stated: â€Å"Even in health, people cannot repeatedly breathe in air with impunity, on account of it becoming charged with unwholesome matter from the lungs and skin. In disease, where everything given off from the body is highly noxious and dangerous, n ot only must there be plenty of ventilation to carry off the effluvia, but everything that the patient passes must be instantly removed because it may be more noxious than even the emanations from the sick†. In response to this new information, my blinds and windows are now opened every day for the benefit of my three year old daughter’s health and also my own. Nightingale continues on by mentioning how nurses leave full urinals and full emesis basins at the bedsides of their patients. She comments that this habit is unhealthy and may have a long term detrimental effect on patients who are exposed to this on a regular basis. These thoughts caused me to reflect on myself as a nurse. As often happens, I tend to get so caught up in the internal business of the emergency department that I forget the little things that could make patients unhealthy. I now make sure that I always empty urinals immediately, no matter how busy I am. If I cannot take the time to perform these si mple tasks, then I could no longer be considered as a responsible nurse. In reflecting on this, I was somewhat embarrassed by the neglect that I was displaying towards people in my own household and also my patients at the hospital. Working in the emergency department is quite tough, as I find myself feeling glum on a daily basis. There is always commotion going on, with patients coming in and going out amidst all of the noise. I often feel overwhelmed by the sheer amount of patients and also the level of responsibility that I have as a charge nurse, triage nurse, preceptor, and mentor. I often wonder how I came to be in the position that I am currently in. Am I really up to the task or am I just an imposter who does not really know what to do at all? Reading â€Å"Notes on Nursing† and realizing the simple things that I was neglecting to do for my patients as registered nurse helped me to answer this question. After I felt like I was unsure of my abilities as a nurse, Patric ia Benner’s â€Å"From Novice to Expert† restored my confidence to what it was when I first entered the nursing profession. I was able to recognize the strides that I have made over the last five and a half years and realized that I am, in fact, a proficient nurse and am extremely capable of accomplishing even more in my role as a registered nurse in my emergency department. â€Å"Proficient and expert nurses develop clusters of paradigm cases around different patient care issues so that they approach a patient core situation

Reflections on World's Leadership Research Paper - 2

Reflections on World's Leadership - Research Paper Example Further, great leaders formulate and convey strong beliefs and they do not simply impose their will. Instead they rally followers to support their visionary ideas through leading by example. This paper seeks to differentiate between two contemporary leaders using the mentioned features, among others. As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, leadership is termed as an influence association among leaders and followers who are interested in influencing real change, as well as, exceptional outcomes that reflect their shared rationale. Therefore, it is imperative to ask oneself what make an individual a good or a bad leader. For instance, Warren Buffett is termed to be one of the good business leaders in the world. The main question that everybody is interested in is to know what makes him successful as a leader. Buffet is a good leader because; his leadership has made a positive change in the world today (Spindler, 2008). There is a huge relationship between change and leadership and Buf fet has portrayed the ability to change the world and make it a better place. This is attributable to the fact that he has the ability to survive in very uncertain business ventures. As a leader, Buffet has adapted ways in which he can respond to crisis or change and channeled his ambition to change the world by achieving better goals (Mclaughlin, 2013). Understanding whether leaders are born or made is an aspect that is extremely imperative. This will assist in determining whether Buffett was a born a leader. Research and Experience depicts that there is little evidence showing that an individual that rises to power can be termed as a â€Å"born leader.† It is evident that Buffett has had challenges equal to other others leader. However, he has always managed to be successful in his work. This is because Buffett had learned from all his mistakes and managed to turn them into positive aspects. For instance, Buffett ensures that he has shared his leadership at all organization al levels by empowering others to share his responsibilities. This enables him to actively act efficiently in all categories as a leader (Mclaughlin, 2013). This is what creates a huge distinction between good management and leadership. Managers have controlling, organizing, and budgeting powers and Buffett contains leadership skills in all these three levels. These are traits that make an exceptional business leader (Daft, 2007). Another imperative trait that business leaders should posses is communication (Daft, 2007). Buffet is described as an accomplished communicator in all facets of his life. It is crucial to note that communication is the principal aspect in leadership. This is why many skilled communicators are able to appreciate for in the business world. Buffet has the experience to position himself in favorable positions in the business world. He is able to comprehend individuals that he is communicating to easily. He possesses audience knowledge and understands what diff erent people want thus capturing their concentration encouraging them to listen. This makes him a good leader because; he not only knows how to communicate with high profile people, but also with the subordinates with ease. Additionally, Buffett is an outstanding listener and